The Conversation
15 Jan 2021, 00:41 GMT+10
The Research Brief is a short take about interesting academic work.
The big idea
We found that schools can reopen for in-person instruction without further spreading COVID-19 in nearby communities if the number of people with the disease is relatively low. But if there are more than 21 cases per 100,000 people, COVID-19 spread may increase.
To reach this conclusion, we used data from September through December 2020 in Michigan and Washington states - both of which allowed districts to decide whether or not to offer in-person schooling at that time - to analyze how these different instructional decisions affect COVID-19 case rates.
It's hard to figure this out because other factors, such as social distancing and the use of masks, could be to blame. So it might appear that going to school in person makes COVID-19 spread, but really it is due to safety habits - or the lack thereof - especially if those same communities are more likely to send students back to school in person.
We tried to address this concern by including information in our statistical analyses on such practices as mask-wearing in a community and how a county voted in 2016. Political preference was an important factor to consider, because Republicans appear less likely than Democrats to comply with COVID-19 safety measures. Republicans are also more likely to encourage in-person instruction during the pandemic.
Despite our findings, coronavirus very likely does transmit in schools to some degree. But the spread of COVID-19 there may simply reflect what's going on in the surrounding community.
Kids and educators may be just as safe in school buildings - or possibly even safer - than they would be elsewhere.
Why it matters
Most districts closed the doors of their school buildings in March and did not reopen them for the remainder of the school year, instead offering students remote instruction.
But evidence is growing that remote instruction isn't working well, especially for low-income students and students of color.
Given these challenges, many districts chose to offer in-person or hybrid instruction last fall. But as the number of COVID-19 cases rises, districts like Chicago's and others are facing the difficult decision of whether to open schools - or to keep them open. To date there has been little data to guide them. Our study provides some of the first U.S.-based evidence to policymakers as they make these difficult choices.
What still isn't known
While we provide specific estimates of when COVID-19 rates are high enough that the virus will likely spread as a result of opening schools, they should be treated with caution because statistical estimates are subject to error. The takeaway is not to focus on specific thresholds but rather to understand that levels exist at which in-person schooling contributes to community spread.
Moreover, how schools open and the safety measures they take are likely to play a role in terms of what happens with COVID-19 cases. Schools can, for example, bring back only some students, require masks and keep desks spaced several feet apart from one another. These practices probably reduce transmission of the disease.
However, we are not able to assess how much these steps might help because we do not have information on safety protocols in individual schools or whether schools are following those protocols.
What other research is being done
So far, while there are some studies on how COVID-19 has affected learning, especially how the pandemic may be disproportionately harming the education of low-income and minority students, there is not much research about how the disease is spreading in U.S. schools. One study found associations between school closures in the spring of 2020 and reductions in COVID-19 deaths. However, other social distancing policies were enacted at the same time, making the contribution of schools unclear.
A new study found results similar to ours when examining hospitalizations - that in-person instruction was associated with more nearby hospitalizations when existing COVID-19 rates were high, but that there was no such correlation when rates were low.
Authors: Scott A Imberman - Professor of Economics and Education Policy, Michigan State University | Dan Goldhaber - Director, CALDER at AIR and Director, CEDR at the University of Washington, American Institutes for Research | Katharine O. Strunk - Professor of Education Policy and Economics, Michigan State University
Get a daily dose of Massachusetts Sun news through our daily email, its complimentary and keeps you fully up to date with world and business news as well.
Publish news of your business, community or sports group, personnel appointments, major event and more by submitting a news release to Massachusetts Sun.
More InformationLARISSA, Greece: Central Greece was struck by a magnitude 6.0 earthquake on Wednesday, which was also felt in nearby Albania ...
WASHINGTON D.C.: In a bid to create a much greater supply of Coronavirus vaccines, the White House has announced that ...
AUSTIN, Texas: Texas Governor Greg Abbott announced that beginning next week face masks will no longer be needed to be ...
WASHINGTON D.C.: President Joe Biden says he expects there to be enough vaccinations for all Americans by the end of ...
HOLTVILLE, California: An overloaded SUV carrying as many as 25 passengers slammed into a semi-truck in California on Monday, killing ...
ALBANY, New York: New York's new coronavirus-period dance rules will allow some dancing at parties. The state said that when ...
NEW YORK, New York - U.S. stocks rallied on Friday following the release of positive economic data.U.S. employers added 379,000 ...
Subscriptions to Walt Disney Company's Disney+ streaming service surpassed initial estimates, primarily owing to adults from households with no children ...
DUBLIN, Ireland - The Bank of Ireland plans to close some 100 branches, as customers increasingly perform banking transactions online.Bank ...
SYDNEY, NSW, Australia - Another spike in bond yields, and oil prices sent shares in Asia sharply lower on Friday, ...
CARSON CITY, Nevada: Nevada Governor Steve Sisolak has proposed allowing technology companies specializing in blockchain technology to develop "Innovation Zones" ...
Walmart has hired two former Goldman Sachs bankers to help run its new and unnamed fintech venture.Walmart hired Omer Ismail, ...